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Endocrine and metabolic control of appetite: The hypothalamus integrates metabolic, neural and hormonal signals to evoke an intermittent appetite drive in the daily management of energy homeostasis. Leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) play a role in the feedback communication between periphery and hypothalamus. Anorexigenic leptin arises from adipocytes, and orexigenic ghrelin from the stomach. These two substances in turn result in the release of NPY from the hypothalamus. Ghrelin does so via binding to presynaptic terminals of NPY neurons, and leptons via several hypothalamic nuclei including the arcuate nucleus. Leptin also acts via sympathetic stimulation to thermogenic tissue and adrenal glands. Read more: Neuron 2003;37:649-61 Drugs Today; 2002;38:307-17 Regulatory Peptides; 2003;111:1-3 |