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2. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF KEY TOPICS

2010


31. Hypertonic saline/epinephrine nebulisation for bronchiolitis

30. Are we doing enough to contain and eliminate rheumatic fever (RF)?

29. Placebo vs comparator drugs in paediatric drug trials

28. Anaemia in well under-fives in Venda

27. More on tight glycaemic control in the ICU

26. IQ, nutrition and burden of infectious disease

25. Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG): neonatal indications

24. Interventions for managing childhood and adolescent obesity

23. Renal care in private vs public dialysis facilities

22. NICE guidelines for treatment of neonatal jaundice

21. Organophosphates and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

20. Vitamin A supplementation to reduce maternal mortality

19. Results of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in children

18. Malaria and co-infection with HIV

17. Frequency and effectiveness of bystander resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

16. Early dexamethasone (dex) to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

15. Safety of H1N1 vaccines

14. Mites, cockroaches and allergic rhinitis

13. Zinc and low osmolarity oral rehydration salts(ORS) for diarrhoea

12. The dilemma of vaginal vs. elective caesarean delivery after previous caesarean section (c/s)

11. Above- vs. below-elbow casts for distal forearm fractures

10. Bone mineral density (BMD) in cystic fibrosis (CF)

09. Respiratory administration of measles vaccine

08. Long-term outcome of children born with congenital anomalies

07. Safer childbirth: elective caesarean section (C/S) and pregnancy outcomes

06. Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and paracetamol in children

05.Prevention of Hepatitis B (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)

04. Rotavirus vaccine studied in Africa

03. Erythropoietin (Epo) for moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE)

02. Susceptibility of H pylori to ‘usual’ antibiotics in South Africa

01. Rate of lung function deterioration in cystic fibrosis (CF)


2009

48. Melatonin for sleep disorders in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

47. Failure of chlorhexidine prophylaxis to prevent neonatal sepsis

46. Severe thrombocytopaenia and platelet transfusion in neonates

45. Aluminium exposure and long-term bone health

44. Manifestations of congenital anorectal malformations in adulthood

43. Biliary atresia update

42. Guidelines for neonatal resuscitation

41. Folate fortification – a good idea?

40. Effect of paracetamol on immunogenicity of childhood vaccines

39. Emergency Room management of paediatric head trauma

38. Tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) blockers and serious fungal infections

37. Adverse effects and HPV vaccine

36. Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension (PulHT) in paediatrics

35. Vocal cord paralysis after ductal ligation in ELBW infants

34. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome – UK review

33. ‘Research opportunities’ in asthma management

32. Achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015

31. Perventricular vs surgical closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

30. High-field MRI for foetal post-mortem examination

29. Is it time to advocate Human Papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for all?

28. Severe acute malnutrition rates using NCHS vs WHO growth standards

27. Are we underdiagnosing congenital rubella in South Africa?

26. Is there a relationship between colic and gut colonization?

25. Iodine deficiency in South Africa

24. Vitamin D deficiency and development of diabetes

23. Progesterone to prevent preterm birth in twin pregnancies

22. Continuous end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) monitoring: helpful and underutilized

21. What’s new in type 2 diabetes?

20. Does caesarean section (C/S) predispose to childhood asthma?

19. Neonatal resuscitation and cognition at 8 years of age

18. Concerns about clinical use of erythropoietin

17. Status of the fight against malaria

16. Threshold for initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

15. Once-per-year bisphosphonate for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

14. Interventions for pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in the newborn

13. Guidelines for administration of Growth Hormone (GH) in South Africa

12. Protection from noise in the Neonatal ICU (NICU)

11. Associations between the environment and childhood malignancies

10. Antibiotics, otitis media and mastoiditis

9. Tight glucose control in paediatric ICU patients

8. Adenovirus as a cause of obesity

7. 1½ to 2 year outcome after patent ductus (PDA) in infants below 1000 gm at birth

6. BCG immunization and HIV exposure – WHO guidelines followed or not?

5. Laparoscopic vs open surgery for pyloric stenosis

4. Assisted reproduction and neurodevelopment

3. Milk as a post-exercise rehydration fluid

2. Cisapride for reflux in neonates and children

1. Antenatal steroids for lung maturation: how many courses?


2008

48. What is happening to antenatal HIV prevalence rates in South Africa?

47. Helicobacter as a cause of refractory iron deficiency anaemia in paediatrics

46. Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) better than expectant therapy in HIV-infected infants

45. A new and accurate genetic test for unbalanced genomic defects

44. Should male circumcision be incorporated into anti-HIV/AIDS policies?

43. More on triage for admission in first two months of life

42. Facts about melamine

41. 7-year follow up of antibiotics for PROM and preterm labour

40. Migraine update

39. Possible adverse effects of erythropoietin-induced correction of anaemia

38. Cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis – an update

37. Does paracetamol cause asthma?

36. Cladophialophora bantiana as a cause of cerebral abscess

35. Risks and consequences of nephrocalcinosis in premature infants

34. More on outcomes after assisted reproduction

33. Cardiac monitoring in children after household electrical injury

32. Mortality after febrile seizures

31. Postnatal infections and white matter injury in premature infants

30. Outcome after assisted reproduction

29. Pro- and anti-coagulatory factor deficiencies with valproate

28. Update on haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)

27. Hazards of co-administration of IV ceftriaxone and IV calcium-containing products

26. Delayed introduction of cow’s milk and/or solids and development of allergic disease

25. Questionable value of control measures for house dust mites

24. Health economics and clinical practice

23. Orphan drugs and orphan diseases

22. Hypothermia for prevention and management of neurological injury

21. Prophylaxis against complications of preterm birth

20. Antibody to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as a marker of certain demyelinating diseases

19. Neurodevelopmental outcome in paediatric HIV/AIDS

18. Is ibuprofen better than indomethacin for ductal closure?

17. NICE guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis

16. Significance of nucleated red cells during the first week of life

15. Early dexamethasone and neurodevelopmental outcome at school age

14. Lancet calls for withdrawal of cough medicines for children

13. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Strep pneumoniae in children in South Africa

12. Maternal peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)

11. Risk of atopic disease and diabetes after caesarean section

10. More evidence of maternal microchimerism in neonatal biliary atresia

9. Early pulse oximetry accurately predicts congenital heart disease

8. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in later life

7. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for immune haemolysis and hyperbilirubinaemia

6. New treatment for chronic immune thrombocytopaenia

5. Practice variations and questions around indomethacin for PDA closure in VLBW infants

4. Iron and folate or multiple micronutrients for pregnant women in high-risk environments?

3. Triage on the basis of clinical signs in infants of <2 months of age


2. Update on preterm delivery at <37 weeks


1. Answers or more questions on the role of polymorphism in response of asthma to β2-agonists?



2007

47. Pre-implantation aneuploidy screening may reduce the chances of successful pregnancy

46. Analysis of neonatal ventilation strategies

45. Hypotonic vs isotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children

44. Role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in apoptosis and inflammation

43. Steroids for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

42. Iron deficiency and stroke – patients are not the only slow learners

41. Insights into anorexia nervosa

40. Shorter sleep duration is associated with overweight

39. Physiotherapy for HIV exposed and affected infants

38. Is zinc the missing link in combating micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries?

37. Diabetes and cerebral oedema

36. Maternal vitamin D deficiency and neonatal seizures

35. Is adult COPD sometimes a consequence of impaired foetal and/or neonatal lung development?

34. Non-pressor effects of pressors

33. Sunlight and melanoma – what advice for parents and children?

32. Aquaporin studies relevant to the neonate

31. Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhea

30. Newly-identified and/or -emerging respiratory viruses in children

29. Rotavirus update

28. Urinary cytokines to diagnose acute and chronic renal problems

27. Placental lesions as predictors of cerebral palsy (CP) and abnormal cognitive function

26. Cancer risks in HIV-positive children and adolescents

25. Vitamin A supplementation: too much, too little or just right?

24. Maternal microchimerism in biliary atresia

23. Pacifiers/dummies reduce the incidence of cot death/SIDS

22. Parvovirus B19 and joint disease

21. Low-dose anti-platelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia

20. The ‘fungins’ for treatment of invasive and/or resistant fungal infection

19. Do probiotics prevent necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)?

18. Permissive hypercapnoea increasingly supported by research

17. Time to revise WHO guidelines for treatment of pneumonia in infants

16. Update on management of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE)

15. Cell death and damage in paediatric lung disease

14. Finally, the definitive KZN data on exclusive breast feeding and HIV

13. Does melatonin play a role in development of idiopathic scoliosis?

12. Update on Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)

11. Multicentre trial of activated protein C for paediatric sepsis – a step forward or back?

10. Proximity to traffic and long-term effects on lung development/function

09. Turnaround on seafood consumption during pregnancy

08. What are the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early exposure to dexamethasone?

07. More on optimal Hb levels in chronic renal failure

06. Pyloric stenosis (PS) after early exposure to azithromycin

05. Are there alternatives to nitric oxide (NO) for neonatal pulmonary hypertension?

04. Prenatal treatment for toxoplasmosis following maternal seroconversion

03. Risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in children born below 1500g

02. Clinical and financial costs of erythropoietin (Epo) for anaemia of chronic renal disease

01. A better method of oxime administration for organophosphate poisoning?


2006

48. Spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in VLBW neonates

47. Cardiovascular risk exists with both specific inhibitors and ‘historical’ NSAIDS

46. Growing understanding of the role of RNA editing

45. Response to a programme of identifying avoidable maternal deaths

44. Direct and indirect meta-analysis of drug trials

43. The incretin system and possible role in managing type-2 diabetes

42. Insulin and the INS VNTR genotype

41. Effect of inter-pregnancy weight gain on mother and foetus

40. When to use antibiotics in acute otitis media (AOM)

39. A quasi-syndromic approach to partial seizures

38. Guidelines for phototherapy and exchange transfusion

37. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of streptococcal infections

36. More on fortifying feeds for infants and children

35. Recent developments in immunology

34. Malaria, parvovirus and anaemia

33. Micronutrients for childhood pneumonia in developing countries

32. Vigilance probably still necessary in respect of paediatric consequences of mercury intake

31. Some pitfalls in the prescription and/or acquisition of medicines in the 21st century

30. More on nitric oxide (NO) for neonatal respiratory distress

29. Are statins analogues of vitamin D?

28. Low dairy intake in childhood and excess body fat in adolescence

27. Possibility of chikungunya fever in visitors to Mauritius

26. Neuropsychiatric disorders and streptococcal infections – the case for PANDAS

25. Nitric oxide (NO), L-arginine and PDE5 inhibition in cystic fibrosis (CF)

24. Report of the 2005 WHO global survey on caesarean section rates and perinatal outcome

23. The more we immunise the more we learn about immunisation – Pertussis 2006

22. Anything new in diagnosis and management of infantile colic?

21. Inadequate data on long-term outcomes in Paediatrics

20. Interplay between gestational age, anaemia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

19. CNEP (continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation) vindicated

18. Current thoughts on aetiology and prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

17. Activated protein C for meningococcaemia with purpura fulminans

16. Does sodium cromoglycate lower the risk for asthma in school-age children?

15. Turning the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve around

14. More on current concepts around diabetes

13. Immunotherapeutic approaches to Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

12. Complexity of the immune responses in TB

11. Rheumatic fever control probably requires more education, advocacy and activism

10. Does kangaroo mother care (KMC) reduce morbidity and mortality in LBW infants?

9. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery in infants and children

8. Effect of handwashing on child health

7. Early signs of meningococcal disease in Paediatrics

6. Steroid treatment of refractory hypotension in VLBW neonates

5. Intracranial endoscopy - its role in paediatrics

4. Routine iron supplementation may be harmful in malaria-endemic areas

3. Does intrauterine programming affect bone status in childhood?

2. Endocrine effects of valproate are uncommon in females with childhood-onset epilepsy

1. Sustainability of exclusive breast feeding in Baby Friendly Hospitals



2005

48. Single-dose treatment for paediatric cholera

47. ART and lactic acidosis in paediatrics

46. Long term follow up of early nutritional and psychosocial intervention in stunted children

45. Critical Issues around development of HIV vaccines

44. Do benefits of DDT for malaria prevention outweigh the risks?

43. Current understanding of Guillain-Barre syndrome

42. Aquaporins and the kidney

41. Aquaporins and the brain

40. Nitric oxide results may not be as favourable as originally claimed

39. Issues around HIV risk during pregnancy and syndromic treatment of STIs

38. What should we be doing to prevent adult disease possibly 'programmed' by LBW/IUGR?

37. Hyperbilirubinaemia under control or is there still place for a new treatment?

36. Partitioning the base deficit assists in understanding aetiology of acid-base disturbances

35. Going beyond the base deficit to predict mortality

34. Artesunate vs quinine for severe falciparum malaria

33. For some of those who thought they knew everything about lipid mediators…

32. Early neonatal hearing screening followed up for 7-9 years

31. GINA, the Global Initiative for Asthma

30. Even more to polio eradication than met the eye in 1988

29. Current thoughts on an old disease

28. Buccal midazolam better than rectal diazepam for emergency control of seizures in children

27. Debate around the appropriateness of the 1000g cutoff for prems in the public sector

26. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and heat shock proteins

25. Acute renal failure (ARF) after treatment with NSAIDS

24. Pleiotropic actions of erythropoietin (Epo)

23. Liggins Institute sets the standard for perinatal research

22. An alternative to surgery for sleep apnoea?

21. The impact of climate changes on health and disease

20 Aortic changes in IUGR and relationship to the Barker hypothesis

19. Approaches to malaria prevention and treatment in Africa

18. BPD in the 21st century

17. Patient symptoms better than peak flows for asthma exacerbation risk

16. Patient safety receiving attention in the USA and abroad

15. Watch this 'spase'

14. Adiponectin and renal disease

13. Meeting the Millenium Development Goals - focus on neonatal survival

12. Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal growth

11. Development of 'designer glucorticoids'

10. Update on pre-eclampsia (PE)

9. Effects of altitude on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

8. Head cooling for treatment of neonatal encephalopathy

7. Malaria and HIV

6. Vitamin D deficiency in early infancy

5. Ibuprofen perhaps not as safe as one thought for PDA prophylaxis in preterm infants

4. Use of a rapid enzyme-linked immunospot assay for diagnosis of TB in children?

3. More on theophylline and its role in asthma?

2. Which children with ADHD are likely to respond to methylphenidate (MP)?

1. Renewed interest in methyl xanthines

2004

48. Will COX-2 inhibitors survive the current focus of attention?

47. Do we pay enough attention to drug interactions?

46. Hepatitis C in HIV infection presents new therapeutic and cost amplification loops

45. More options for treatment of paediatric allergy

44. Anti-leukotrienes as monotherapy in the young asthmatic

43. Ups and downs of IMCI?

42. Treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) - are the waters getting clearer?.

41. Targeting bronchodilators - can one identify responders vs non-responders?

40. Procalcitonin (PCT) as a marker of neonatal sepsis.

39. Malaria vaccines - when?

38. More on neonatal resuscitation using air vs oxygen

37. Radiofrequency treatment for obstructive adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy

36. ENT procedures for recurrent tonsillitis better than medical therapy?

35. Helicobacter pylori infection in Paediatrics

34. What has Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis to do with inflammatory bowel disease?

33. Simple interventions may achieve significant results in birth outcomes in underdeveloped areas

32. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: anti-inflammatory potentiation in auto-immune diseases

31. Oral rehydration solutions containing non-digestible carbohydrates in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea

30. Free water handling in seriously ill children

29. Marginal effect of second opinion on elective caesarean section (c/s) rates

28. Meningococcal conjugate vaccine: a valuable addition to the immunization schedule

27. Possible adverse effects of postnatal growth acceleration

26. Epo-alpha for chronic renal disease only rarely induces antibodies

25. Transmission and progression of HIV/AIDS

24. Cervical cerclage for short cervix does not prevent preterm delivery

23. New use for old drugs in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria

22. Rotavirus vaccine: beyond the simple association with intussusception

21. Autoantibodies in pregnancy as predictors of disease

20. Which guidelines influence clinical practice?

19. Foetal determinants of adult disease

18. How to identify future tolerance in children with milk allergy

17. Role of Wall Teichoic Acid (WTA) in adherence of Staph aureus to nasal mucosa

16. SSRI's during pregnancy appear to be safe for the fetus and neonate.

15. No real clarity on aetiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE)

14. Enthusiastic reports of immune modulatory treatment of atopic dermatitis

13. More about the relationship between Hepatitis C (HCV) and Diabetes Mellitus

12. Reversal of syphilis:HIV infection ratios in antenatal clinic attendees

11. Role for insulin in recovery and repair

10. New Onset Diabetes Mellitus (NODM) after Tacrolimus

9. Evidence that hypertension is an inflammatory disorder

8. Pancreatic beta cells are sensitive to treatment of ALL
(acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)

7. How malaria affects the placenta

6. Air pollution and the respiratory allergic response

5. Role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in meningococcal shock

4. Emerging role for vitamin K in treatment of osteoporosis?

3. Steroid sprays not all equal in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

2. Erythropoietin (Epo) as a cause of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)

1. Is resistin a mediator of gestational diabetes?

40. Ischaemic tolerance: does it occur in the foetus?

39. Higher carbonated soft drink consumption associated with lower bone density

38. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia may have similar outcome in black and white children

37. Electronic Foetal Monitoring: the debate continues

36. Pneumococcal vaccine better for prevention of acute otitis media than for cure?

35. House dust mite allergen avoidance different in adults vs children?

34. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment - scientific research is lacking

33. Inappropriate outpatient use of flouroquinolones

32. Questions around use of bisphosphonates for paediatric bone disease

31. Possible consequences of TNF (tumour necrosis factor) suppression

30. Another strategy to limit mother-to-child transmission of HIV

29. Intravenous IgG (IVIG) appears to have a place in management of severe asthma

28. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) more likely following assisted reproduction?

27. Early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis probably underestimated

26. Chlamydia should be regarded as an organism affecting the paediatric population

25. Inhaled magnesium sulphate enhances bronchodilatation in severe asthma in adults

24. Prevention of preterm birth due to vaginosis

23. Inhaled steroids better than leukotriene antagonists for asthma maintenance

22. Most HIE appears to be of recent onset

21. Lead toxicity - still a significant risk in children

20. Does early steroid therapy prevent permanent airway damage in asthma?:

19. Do seizures in childhood have long term consequences?

18. Room air for resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates:

17. Erythropoietin as neuroprotectant:

16. Bronchiolitis in infancy:

15. Passive immunisation of infants at risk for bronchiolitis:

14. COX-3: specific for pain and temperature effects?:

13. Hyperglycaemia and foetal malformation:

12. Thrombocytopenia in the NICU:

11. Ghrelin in the foetus, neonate and infant:

10. Endocrine and metabolic control of appetite:

9. Adiponectin and protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus:

8. Activated protein C for severe sepsis:

7. Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning:

6. Nitric oxide and malaria:

5. Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension:

4. Erythromycin and pyloric stenosis:

3. Rotavirus vaccine and intussusception:

2. Anaemia of Chronic Disease:

1. Exhaled nitric oxide as a marker of airway inflammation: